Wednesday, April 30, 2014

MLA Chapter 12: U.S. and Latin America Handout

Key Takeaways

  • The U.S. exploited Latin America for military and political allies and resources
  • WWI and WWII increased U.S. power in Latin America (Britain and France didn’t have resources to compete in this area)
  • U.S. often replaced Latin American leaders if they didn’t like their policies, or funded Latin American counter-insurgency programs to protect U.S.-favored governments
  • The U.S. relationship with Latin America changed in the 1990s with increased immigration; census revealed that the U.S. has the largest Spanish-speaking population in the hemisphere

Examples

·      FDR’s goals:
o   Military bases in the Caribbean and Atlantic coast of South America
o   Access to materials such as quartz and rubber
o   Allies or neutrality
·      Carlos Castillo Armas
o   In Guatemala, CIA organized exile invasion to replace reformer Colonel Jacobo Arbenz with Castillo Armas, who reversed expropriation of the United Fruit Co. and signed a mutual defense-assistance pact with U.S.
·      Cold War
o   U.S. was indifferent to Latin America until relations with Soviets soured; wanted Latin America to sever ties with Soviet Union and outlaw local communist parties
o   Bay of Pigs—unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro, led to Cuba announcing plans adopt socialism and strengthen ties with Soviet Union
·      9/11, immigration
o   After Cold War, U.S. tried to better define relationship with Latin America, consistent policy, reaction to democratization
o   U.S. foreign policy is turned upside down; Latin America is low priority as U.S. gets involved in global conflict

o   Immigration is controversial; U.S. depends on economic benefits from immigrants, but is concerned over jobs/homeland security/drug trafficking

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